Burrowes - the strategic theory of Non-violent defense

In this article, Burrowes discusses the strategic tactics of non-violent defense.
There are two major types of non-violent defense: civilian-based defense and social defense.
Civilian defense is the tactic of resistance by groups of civilians, including economic strategies.
Social defense usually involves more protesting, picketing, and non-cooperation, etc.
There is also a difference between the ideas behind these two. Often a combination of these two tactics is used, and it can often and has often been very effective. However, there are certain criticisms that Burrowes discusses in this article.These are mostly against civilian-based defense.
The first argument that Burrowes mentions is that civilian-based defense often ignores the opponent's needs for "self-esteem" as well as "justice." This is because the civilian based defense places a great deal of emphasis on defeating the aggressor, which is very different from Gandhi's idea of getting along with the other rather than simply defeating it.
Secondly, Burrowes says that civilian-based defense encourages regarding the opponent or aggressor as permanantly and unconditionally bad. Again, for the same reasons, this opposes a Gandhian approach, and also could conceivably encourage violence.
These are but a few criticisms of civilian defense, but they are significant problems that could possibly pose a problem for the ideals of active non-violence. Although civilian-based defense is a non-violent strategy, when regarding the other in such a way, it would be easy for it quickly to escalate to violence. In a conflict it is easy to begin to view the other as evil, and sub-human through a psychological process known as dehumanization. When this occurs, it is often easier to justify wrongdoing or violence against those particular people.